Introduction: The estimated number of new breast cancer cases in Brazil for each year of the 2023 to 2025 triennium is 73,610. The aging global population has led to an increase in breast cancer cases among the elderly. However, this age group is less likely to receive standard oncological treatment...
Introduction: Based on the incorporation of technologies and studies aimed at breast cancer over the years, it is now possible to identify several subtypes of the disease, which end up influencing the treatment and prognosis of patients. Among these subtypes, the immunohistochemical composition of the triple negative (TN), due to...
Association between TROP2 expression and clinicopathological factors, survival, and chemotherapy response in patients with early and locally advanced triple negative breast cancer
Introduction: TNBC is a subtype of breast cancer that does not express hormone receptors and HER-2 protein, making it more aggressive. TROP2 is a transmembrane protein that may be expressed in TNBC and has been associated with more aggressive tumors and worse survival outcomes. Objectives: This study aimed to examine...
Introduction: In Brazil, breast cancer has been the most frequent oncological diagnosis among women, with the exception of non-melanoma skin tumors, with an estimated 73,610 new cases for each year from 2023 to 2025. Therefore, it is important to study the behavior of the disease to understand efficient strategies to...
Characteristics and treatment outcomes in HER2 positive and triple negative breast cancer patients: the impact of obesity on women with hormone-negative breast cancer
Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in women globally. The HER2+ and triple-negative (TN) subtypes exhibit distinct biological behaviors and treatment outcomes. With rising obesity rates, it is crucial to understand how obesity affects treatment responses in these hormone-negative subtypes to improve patient...
Introduction: Considering that breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, it is estimated that there will be approximately 2.3 million new cases and 685,000 deaths in 2020. In Brazil, 73,610 new cases of breast cancer were estimated in 2023, with an estimated risk of 66.54 cases per...
Breast cancer (BC) remains the most common type of cancer among women. Disease control must implement strategies that improve screening and predictive factors for response. Over recent years, several therapies have emerged in BC; however, many patients still do not respond, probability due to BC's heterogeneity, involving genetic, immune, and...
Introduction: The insertion of biosimilars as a treatment option for complex diseases has brought a number of benefits, such as cost reduction and increased access to effective therapies. However, it has also raised important and challenging questions, both from a regulatory and clinical standpoint, such as interchangeability. Currently, there is...
Background: Pembrolizumab (P) combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT) is the standard of care for stage II-III triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) based on the Keynote-522 trial. However, approximately 13% of patients (pts) experience immune-related adverse events (irAEs) of grade ≥3. Objective: This study aims to describe patterns of irAEs in real-world...
Introduction: Mammography is crucial for identifying neoplastic lesions at early stages, allowing for early breast cancer diagnosis and reducing associated mortality rates. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive quantitative study was conducted to assess the incidence of neoplastic breast lesions in Paraíba. Data collection used TABNET tools with access to the DATASUS...
Implementation of selective cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6) in a group of metastatic luminal breast cancer patients in the brazilian public health system
Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women in Brazil, second only to non-melanoma skin cancer. In the case of advanced disease, even without a curative perspective, there are treatment options that aim not only to increase survival but also to relieve symptoms and improve or...
Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent forms of global cancer, being especially common among women. In 2015, the National Cancer Institute (INCA) published guidelines for early detection of breast cancer in Brazil. Besides that, the diagnosis still occurs in advanced stages and the mortality rates remain high....
Introduction: People with cancer are at increased risk for developing thromboembolic events both due to the disease and its treatment. Studies show that chemotherapy increases the chance of these events occurring. Objective: To identify the incidence of thromboembolic events in people with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Method: Observational, retrospective study,...
Incidence, stage and survival rate of breast cancer patients treated at the clinical oncology service of the Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital (HUCFF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from January 2022 to September 2023
Patients accessing the public health system often present with more advanced stages of breast cancer at diagnosis and appear to have a worse prognosis. The present study aimed to identify the profile of breast cancer patients accessing the Unified Health System (Sistema Unico de Saude; SUS) Oncology Service in Rio...
Introduction: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare and aggressive form of breast cancer characterized by erythema, edema, and skin changes such as nipple inversion and peau d'orange. These symptoms are primarily due to the presence of numerous dermal tumor emboli that obstruct lymphatic drainage. Despite the distinct symptomatology between...
Introduction: The C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been employed for prognostic evaluation. Here, we aimed to analyze the association between inflammatory biomarkers and sociodemographic, clinical as well as anthropometric variables in women with stage I-III, breast cancer during the first and third cycles of...
Interdisciplinarity care through the establishment of an institutional frailty assessment protocol: clinical characteristics of patients with breast cancer treated in an outpatient unit
Background: There is a growing emphasis on the application of interdisciplinarity approaches in the treatment of breast cancer, especially for patients with some degree of frailty that interferes with therapeutic implementation. Although the studies have limitations due to different methodologies, they reinforce the importance of collaborative teams in individualized and...
Metastasis de novo (MTDN) is associated with poor progression-free survival (PFS) in HR+/HER2- breast cancer treated with CDK4/6 inhibitors (ICDK4/6) in first line (1L)
Up to 20% of luminal (LU) BC patients (pts) will develop disease recurrence in the first ten years. The development of CDK4/6i has changed this paradigm by significantly improving objective response rates and PFS. Despite extensive translational research, no clear predictive biomarker of response to CDK4/6i has been identified. Methods:...
Introduction: Breast cancer is a complex disease requiring a comprehensive approach for treatment and management. The care pathway for breast cancer patients integrates a multidisciplinary team, focusing on nurse navigators, clinical pharmacy, dentistry, physical therapy, nutrition, and psychology to provide personalized support and enhance treatment quality. Objective: This study analyzes...
Background: The role of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a prognostic factor in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is still controversial. Our aim was to analyze its importance in survival prediction in recurrent MBC. Methods: A retrospective cohort study including 351 recurrent MBC patients was performed. Clinical and pathological...
Introduction: Patient navigation is carried out in a humanised way, starting with the nursing consultation, addressing the side effects of the treatment to be carried out and its management, scheduling guidance on starting treatment, communication with the entire multi-professional team, such as the nutritionist and, if necessary, the psychology service....
Background: Estrogen receptor-low (ER-low) breast cancer (BC) exhibits a tumor biology more similar to basal-like tumors than to luminal-like tumors. Despite patients with ER-low breast cancer having been excluded from the Keynote-522 study, they were included in trials evaluating neoadjuvant pembrolizumab (Keynote-526 trial) and nivolumab (CheckMate 7FL) for hormone receptor-positive...
Introduction: Novel antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have been recently approved in metastatic breast cancer. Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) in HER2+ or HER2 low disease, while Sacituzumab Govitecan (SG) in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) or hormone receptor (HR) +/HER2- disease. Given their high cost and risk of serious adverse events, early monitoring...
Introduction: Breast cancer is highly heterogeneous and includes different phenotypic and morphological types that define therapeutic conduct. In this meaning, murine mammary carcinoma cells models are fundamental to comprehend tumor growth, as the therapeutic response to new anticancer drugs that can be used in future treatments. Objectives: The aim of...
Introduction: Women with breast cancer experience multiple symptoms that occur simultaneously during antineoplastic treatment, comprising symptom clusters. Researchers have focused on symptom clusters during chemotherapy and radiotherapy, especially in advanced disease. However, few studies have evaluated primary symptom clusters in patients with stage I and III non-metastatic breast cancer as...
Background: The effectiveness of targeted therapy for HER2-low breast cancer is an area of ongoing research. Understanding the prevalence of HER2-low is important for identifying patients likely to benefit from these therapies, optimizing treatment and guiding future research. In a referral hospital in southern Brazil, where many breast cancer patients...
Introduction: Clinical trial data with APT protocol (paclitaxel + trastuzumab weekly for 12 weeks, followed by maintenance trastuzumab monotherapy for 9 months) has shown 98.7% invasive disease-free survival (iDFS) rate at 3 years, with a median follow-up of 48 months. Real World Data (RWD) may help us understand whether this...
Introduction: Triple-negative breast cancer is a subtype that does not express estrogen, progesterone and human epidermal growth factor type 2 receptors. Worldwide, the incidence rate varies from 15% to 25% and is related to a worse prognosis, being more common in Afro-descendant women under 50 years of age. Objective: To...
Introduction: In Brazil, breast cancer is the most common neoplasm among women, excluding non-melanoma skin tumors, and is the main cause of cancer mortality in this group. Surgical treatment can be conservative or radical, including axillary lymph node dissection. Objective: To analyze cases of surgical intervention in patients with breast...
Introduction: Breast cancer in young women is clinically defined as that which affects women aged 40 years or younger. Although the occurrence of this malignant neoplasm in women under 40 does not constitute the majority of breast cancer diagnoses, a steady global increase is observed among young women. In this...
Introduction: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the standard of care for most women with stage II or III breast cancer (BC). Pathological complete response (pCR) is correlated with favorable patient outcomes. As described in real-world data from Brazilian studies, pCR rate ranges from 28-46% in HER2-positive (HER-2+) tumors, 17-20% in luminals and...
Introduction: Malignant brain neoplasms are a group of central nervous system tumors, the most common solid tumors in children and adolescents. Due to the complexity of the disease, pediatric brain neoplasm hospitalizations often involve emergencies and extended hospital stays. Objective: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of pediatric hospitalizations for malignant...
Introduction: Brain malignant tumors remain to have one of the worst survival rates among all neoplasms. Despite its lower incidence in undeveloped countries, possibly due to scarce resources, Brazil has shown to have one of the highest mortality rates in the world. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the standard imaging...
Summary - Ependymomas are neoplasms composed of neoplastic ependymal cells, manifesting predominantly in children and young adults. We report the clinical, epidemiological and anatomopathological findings of 32 cases of ependymomas in adults over 18 years of age from a Brazilian Oncology Center. Of the 32 cases analyzed, 12 occurred in...
Introduction: Meningioma is the most common primary tumor of the central nervous system (CNS), accounting for approximately one-third of brain and spinal cord tumors. Although most of these tumors are benign, their growth can compress important CNS structures, leading to considerable morbidity and mortality. Since treatment for this condition is...
Introduction: Meningioma is the most common primary tumor of the central nervous system (CNS), accounting for approximately one-third of brain and spinal cord tumors. Although most of these tumors are benign, their growth can compress important CNS structures, leading to considerable morbidity and mortality. Since treatment for this condition is...
Glioblastoma is the most prevalent tumor of the central nervous system in adults and has a poor prognosis. Hypermethylation of the 06-methylganine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter gene is a predictive factor for response to treatment with temozolomide plus radiotherapy, in addition, it is a prognostic factor for progression-free survival and overall survival....
Introduction: Neoplasia is the abnormal development of cells that can generate tumors. Malignant cortical neoplasms, which include primary and metastatic tumors of the central nervous system, are public health challenges due to their high clinical-surgical complexity and high morbidity and mortality. In Brazil, the analysis of cancer mortality is crucial...
Epidemiological trends of malignant brain neoplasm in Paraíba: an analysis of the evolution of hospitalizations and mortality from 2014 to 2024 (DATASUS)
Introduction: Brain neoplasia includes tumors that originate in the brain or metastasize there from cancers in other parts of the body. Despite its low incidence, mortality rates are high, with only one-third of patients surviving more than 5 years. No significant risk factors have been identified, making further studies necessary...
Introduction: High-grade gliomas represent a significant portion of Central Nervous System tumors, with Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) being the most common subtype. The median survival for patients treated with standard therapy is 12 months. Within this time period, tumor recurrence is common, and the optimal rescue-therapy remains under investigation. The use...
Introduction: Central Nervous System (CNS) neoplasms, including brain and spinal cord tumors, are significant public health concerns due to their high morbidity and mortality, greatly impacting patients' quality of life. Understanding risk factors is crucial for early detection, proper management, and prevention. In southern Brazil, updated region-specific data is needed...
Neurogenetic study of central nervous system tumors: a comparative analysis with epidemiological biomarkers for the construction of a computerized database
Introduction: The Central Nervous System (CNS), comprising the brain and spinal cord, is vital for coordinating bodily functions. Tumors in the CNS manifest as various intracranial and spinal neoplasms. Understanding the risk factors of these tumors is crucial for early identification, proper management, and effective preventive strategies. Advances in the...
von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome is caused by pathogenic germline variants in the VHL gene, predisposing individuals to retinal and CNS angiomas, renal cancer, neuroendocrine tumors, and other neoplasms. Recently, the HIF2A inhibitor Belzutifan has shown efficacy in treating all tumors associated with VHL. A real-world clinical study on the use...
Introduction: Cancer mortality is a key public health indicator, reflecting both the effectiveness of prevention and treatment strategies and the socioeconomic conditions of a population. In the state of Espírito Santo, analyzing cancer mortality patterns is crucial for understanding local disease dynamics and guiding more effective health policies. Objective: To...
In situ vaccination for cancer immunotherapy uses intratumoral administration of small molecules, proteins, nanoparticles, or viruses that activate pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) to reprogram the tumor microenvironment and prime systemic antitumor immunity. Cowpea Severe Mosaic Virus (CPSMV) is one of the isometric plant viruses belonging to the order Picornavirales, the...
Introduction: LMIC face unique challenges related to populational age transition and perspectives of soaring cancer incidence. Despite the pressing need for strong clinical research (CR) programs focusing on their unique needs, progress on this aspect appears to remain slow, unequal and too reliant on pharma-driven and late-stage clinical trials (CT)....
Introduction: Work-related cancer encompasses all neoplasms caused by exposure to risk agents and situations in the work environment and processes, even after exposure has ceased. In Brazil, this cancer is compulsorily notifiable in the Notifiable Diseases Information System, in accordance with the regulations of the Unified Health System, as part...
Introduction: Malignant Bladder Neoplasm is a condition with high morbidity, with smoking being the main risk factor. Given the relevance of this issue to Brazilian public health, it is essential to monitor the trends of this disease in different regions of the country. Objective: To analyze the hospitalization rate and...
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide, particularly impacting vulnerable populations such as oncology patients. Understanding the epidemiological and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in this group is crucial for developing effective management strategies. Our study analyzed its impact on Brazilian oncology patients. Methods: This retrospective...
Introduction: The health sector demands assertive decisions made by evidence-based medicine, knowledge derived from clinical research. In oncology, clinical research is necessary to develop new treatments and evaluate their efficacy, safety and toxicity, with the aim of offering patients the best treatment available. Knowing the motivation of cancer patients to...
Introduction: Hepatic visceral crisis is a life-threatening condition that can be defined as severe hepatic dysfunction, established by clinical changes, laboratory changes (rapid increase in bilirubin > 1.5 times the upper limit of normality, in the absence of Gilbert's syndrome or biliary tract obstruction) and rapid progression of metastatic cancer....
Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The treatment for unresectable metastatic CRC in initial lines involves chemotherapy regimens such as FOLFOX or FOLFIRI, combined or not with anti-EGFR or anti-VEGF therapy, depending on RAS/BRAF status. Following disease progression, minimal benefit is observed with...
Increased leukocyte infiltration in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is significantly associated with improved prognosis and response to treatment in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). There is evidence that the association with prognosis depends not only on the number of infiltrating cells, but also on the cell type and...
Introduction: Pediatric dental oncology is a medical subspecialty that takes care of oral evidence and dental treatments in children with cancer cells. Infantile cancers are rare conditions, but they significantly affect children's general and oral health. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and bone marrow transplantation may have different effects on oral health such...
Risk factors for acute toxicities in oral mucosa and salivary glands during volumetric modulated arc therapy planning technique for head and neck cancer
Intoduction: Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) is a radiotherapy (RT) modality primarily indicated for the treatment of head and neck neoplasms due to its efficiency in preserving organs at risk adjacent to the tumor area, thereby reducing the inherent toxicities of radiotherapy. Despite that, patients still have significant acute side...
Introduction: In the past decades, there has been an increase in the participation of low-middle-income countries (LMICs), including Brazil, in international multicentric oncology trials. This phenomenon led to significant advancements in LMICs, including access to better treatments. However, there has been substantial criticism of the international community regarding trials offering...
Introduction: Overall survival of children and adolescents with cancer has improved significantly in recent decades, however, socioeconomic disparities persist, resulting in lower survival rates, especially in low- and middle-income countries, such as, in Brazil. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the spatial distribution of childhood...
Introduction: In Brazil, prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men. Estimates for the period from 2023 to 2025 project approximately 72,000 new cases, emphasizing the need to examine factors influencing prostate cancer outcomes. This study focuses on analyzing prostate cancer mortality in Brazil, considering factors such as...
Introduction: The lack of data collection on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in health instruments makes it difficult to assess the real impact of cancer on the transgender and LGBTQIAPN+ population. However, there is evidence that trans people disproportionately face cancer risk factors. The lack of adequate screening, combined with...
Introduction: Endometrial cancer (EC) has rising rates; Black women face higher mortality due to aggressive tumors, health disparities, and prevalent risk factors like obesity. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate EC incidence and mortality trends among racial groups in Brazil, focusing on clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of Black and White...
Introduction: Cancer is one of the major malignant diseases that significantly impacts global public health and exhibits complex patterns of incidence and mortality. Over the past 10 years, cancer incidence in Brazil has shown significant variations influenced by age and sex. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct a comprehensive analysis...
Introduction: Cancer registries are essential for epidemiological analyses, public health planning and quality of care evaluation. Most of its data come from hospital-based cancer registries. In Brazil, following National Cancer Institute and World Health Organization standards, basic sociodemographic characteristics on these databases originate from administrative records. Brazil has a regulation...
Introduction: Lung cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed worldwide (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and is the leading cause of global cancer related deaths. In Brazil, it is the fourth most common cancer, with an estimated 32.560 new cases a year. A lack of standardization in systemic cancer therapy among...
Introduction: Although advances have been made in laws to guarantee equality and diversity in access to healthcare for gender minorities, there is a lack of guidance on cancer screening and care for this population. The presence of cis-heteronormative assumptions among healthcare professionals can hinder the patient/caregiver relationship. The literature points...
Lung cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease that profoundly impacts global public health and remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Understanding the epidemiological nature and temporal trends of lung cancer is crucial for effective management. Accordingly, this study aims to evaluate the temporal trends in lung cancer...
Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common neoplasm in women, being a public health problem due to its high incidence and morbimortality. The aim of the study is to provide an overview of breast cancer care in the SUS between 2015 and 2022. Methods: Descriptive study with data from the...
Introduction: In Brazil, sociodemographic factors play an important role in breast cancer survival, such as stage, age at diagnosis, time from diagnosis to treatment, race, and socioeconomic status. Breast cancer survival analyses can demonstrate the effectiveness of public health policies, equity in resource distribution, and the impact of predictive factors...
Introduction: Cervical cancer, primarily caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), is marked by the abnormal growth of cells in the cervical-vaginal transition zone. This neoplasm is easily detectable through preventive screenings and remains one of the most common cancers affecting women in Brazil, following only skin and breast cancers. Despite...
Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common neoplasm among women and a serious public health issue. Treatment depends on the stage of the disease and the clinical conditions of the patient, such as age, menopausal status, among other factors. Inadequate management of health services can lead to waste and the...
Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Lesions caused by some HPV subtypes increase the likelihood of cervical neoplasia. In 2023, the forecast was for 17,010 new cases, representing a rate of 13.25 cases per 100,000 Brazilian women. This article proposes a review of the...
An extracted individual patient data meta-analysis of immunotherapy plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment for endometrial cancer with a PD-L1 and PD-1 inhibitors subanalysis
Background: Immunotherapy (IO) plus chemotherapy (CT) followed by IO has emerged as a new standard first-line treatment for primary advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer (EC) with an unprecedent benefit for deficient DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) patients (pts) and a smaller magnitude of benefit for mismatch repair–proficient (pMMR) disease. We conducted...
Cervical cancer in Paraiba: description of the pathologic and epidemiologic profile and comparative analysis between therapeutic approaches and survival rate
Introduction: Despite being preventable and having a well-known natural course, cervical cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related death among women, being the third most common malignant disease among Brazilian women and the fourth worldwide. In the Northeast of Brazil, its adjusted incidence is 13.85 cases per 100,000...
Over 300,000 women worldwide die from cervical cancer each year. Mortality rates are nearly five times higher in low- and middle-income countries of Latin America compared to high-income regions of the world. The present study aimed to identify the profile of the cervical cancer population entering a Unified Health System...
Considerations on the association of cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in the treatment of ovarian cancer – a literature review
Methodology: A bibliographic review was conducted on PubMed using the descriptors “Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy”, “Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures” and “Ovarian Neoplasms”, with filters for “Meta-analysis”, “Randomized Controlled Trial” e “Systematic Review” in the last 6 years, resulting in the selection of 12 articles. Objective: The objective of this article is to...
Ovarian cancer is one of the main causes of mortality among women, often diagnosed in advanced stages with tumors disseminated in the peritoneal cavity. Immunotherapy has shown benefits in solid tumors, including ovarian cancer. Cowpea Mosaic Virus (CPMV) is a promising plant virus for use in immunotherapy due to its...
Introduction: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignancy among women globally, primarily caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Despite advancements in vaccination and screening, socioeconomic disparities significantly impact cervical cancer rates, particularly in underdeveloped countries. In Brazil, marked variations in incidence and mortality highlight the influence of geographical and...
Introduction: Pembrolizumab is a key monoclonal antibody in immunotherapy, acting as a PD-1 receptor inhibitor. It is used to treat various malignant tumors, including advanced endometrial cancer, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Pembrolizumab shows promise in enhancing overall survival and progression-free survival, with a favorable safety profile. Objective:...
Introduction: Local treatments, such as definitive pelvic radiation or local surgery, are often used to reduce morbidity and tumor progression in metastatic cervical cancer. However, the impact of these treatments on overall survival in stage IVB cervical cancer remains uncertain. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the...
Introduction: Cervical cancer is a common and well-recognized neoplasm in clinical practice. It has a strong genetic link and is associated with a sexually transmitted disease, Human Papillomavirus (HPV). The prognosis of this disease mainly depends on early diagnosis through specific cytopathological tests such as the Pap smear. Objective: Due...
Purpose: Molecular classification of endometrial cancer (EC) has emerged as a key approach to individualize therapy and define prognostic outcomes. This study aimed to implement the traditional ProMisE classification in a Brazilian population, compared with a molecular setting of ProMisE biomarkers, and evaluate its impact on patients’ prognosis. Patient and...
Background: Uterine carcinosarcoma is a biphasic malignancy with a carcinomatous and a sarcomatous component, with a poor prognosis even in those treated with curative intent. Objective: Evaluate the prognostic of the sarcomatous component (homologous versus heterologous) in patients with localized/locally advanced uterine carcinosarcoma. Methods: This retrospective study evaluated patients with...
Introduction: Locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) remains a critical global health issue, disproportionately impacting low- and middle-income countries despite advancements in prevention and early detection. For LACC, treatment typically involves external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) with chemotherapy followed by brachytherapy (BCT). However, due to resource challenges, anatomical limitations, and patients’ comorbidities...
Introduction: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common neoplasm in the world and a significant cause of mortality in women. Ureteral obstruction resulting in hydronephrosis due to tumor is a common presentation in advanced disease. Percutaneous nephrostomy can be performed in these cases for symptom relief and to enable subsequent...
Hypothalamic Hamartoma (HH) is a tumor-like, rare congenital non-progressive lesion in the base of the brain, the hypothalamus, arising from the tuber cinereum. This type of lesion is a complex neuroendocrine disease that can cause seizures, behavioral problems, and the main purpose of this study: early onset of puberty. Nearly...
Efficacy and safety of flunarizine in preventing ototoxicity associated with cisplatin-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients: a phase II single-arm study
Cisplatin-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is the standard of care for locally advanced head and neck cancer (HNC) as a definitive or adjuvant therapy. This approach has been associated with a 6.5% improvement in overall survival (OS) and enhanced locoregional control when compared to radiotherapy (RT) alone. However, Cisplatin and RT...
Introduction: Tongue cancer is considered a malignant neoplasm of the head and neck, with squamous cell carcinoma being the most common histological type. Major risk factors include smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, with a lesser incidence associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and poor oral hygiene. Initial symptoms are often...
Galanin Receptor 2 (GALR2) is one of three known receptors for the neuropeptide galanin, and conflicting evidence indicates that GALR2 may be either a tumor suppressor or an oncogene in OSCC. This study evaluated the influence of GALR2 expression by neoplastic cells on tumor progression, innate immunity and response to...
Introduction: Laryngo-tracheo-bronchial papillomatosis is a benign pathology that usually affects children and adolescents. It is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the aerodigestive tract. In children, vertical transmission is the main cause and can occur during childbirth or intrauterine. Papillomas appear as single or multiple, exophytic, sessile or pedunculated...
The development of chemotherapeutics has been based on the concept that cancer is a cell-autonomous genetic disease. The idea that transformed cells proliferate and invade in an unrestricted manner neglects the fact that malignant cells are embedded within a tumor microenvironment. Paclitaxel is a well-known cytotoxic drug used in the...
This systematic review was conducted to identify otoprotective measures and treatments for ototoxicity induced by high-dose Cisplatin-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) administered as adjuvant, or definitive, therapy in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. The review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed...
Introduction: The standard treatment for clinical stage III colon cancer is surgical treatment followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. There are several treatment regimens based on fluoropyrimidines and oxaliplatin and many patients are unable to complete adjuvant therapy. Objective: evaluate the adjuvant treatment of patients, oncological journey, patients clinical profile, adverse events,...
Introduction: About 15 to 30% of patients with colorectal cancer present with metastatic disease at diagnosis. Of those initially diagnosed with localized disease, 20 to 50% will develop metastases. The treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) depends on several factors, such as the clinical performance of the patient, the laterality...
Introduction: Colon and rectal cancer refers to tumors that begin in the portion of the large intestine called the colon and, in the rectum, just before the anus. Also known as colorectal cancer, it is a treatable neoplasm and, in most cases, is curable when detected early. Many of these...
Introduction: In December 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the disease it caused called COVID-19 were identified in China, generating a global pandemic. The severity of the pandemic and the exhaustion of health services required the prioritization of urgent and emergency surgeries and the suspension of elective surgeries, minimizing the spread...
Background: Colorectal cancer is the third most common neoplasm, being treatable and potentially curable if diagnosed early. Adjuvant chemotherapy with oxaliplatin is debated for patients with stage II colon cancer with poor prognostic features such as obstruction or perforation, stage T4, resection of less than 12 lymph nodes, unfavorable histology....
Epidemiology, access to treatments and clinical outcomes of colorectal cancer in Brazil: a 16-year longitudinal analysis evaluating more than 240,000 patients
Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global health issue. The incidence rate of the disease is strictly linked to the human development index (HDI). Nevertheless, epidemiology, access to treatments and clinical outcomes of CRC is scarcely described in low- and middle-income countries, such as Brazil. Objectives: Evaluate the epidemiology, access...
Introduction: Colorectal cancer is a common malignancy affecting the colon or rectum, with approximately 1.9 million new cases worldwide in 2020, being the third most frequent cancer in Brazil's population, with 40 thousand new cases each year. Surgery is the primary treatment for this disease, with partial colectomy being a...
Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy with mFOLFOX6 is standard treatment in stage III colon cancer patients. Retrospective data have pointed toward a better toxicity profile without compromising efficacy with omission of bolus 5-FU in metastatic setting. In adjuvant scenario, there is no data about 5-FU omission with toxicity and relapse risk. This...
Introduction: Oxaliplatin (OXL), an antineoplastic agent and first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer, is primarily associated with neurotoxicity, manifested as dose-limiting peripheral sensory neuropathy (PSN). Cannabinoid agonists have shown potential in preventing the development of PSN associated with OXL. However, to ensure therapeutic efficacy, it is necessary to investigate whether...
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) is the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), aimed at shrinking tumors and facilitating surgical resection. Recently, organ preservation has become an appealing strategy for managing rectal cancer. However, clinical and radiological features are poor predictors of response. Intratumoral genetic heterogeneity (ITGH) has emerged as...
