EPIDEMIOLOGICAL COMPARATIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF THE INCIDENCE OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM CANCER CASES IN THE CAPITALS OF BRAZILIAN NORTHERN REGION DURING THE PERIOD FROM 2010 TO 2019

Introduction: Malignant tumors develops due to the growth of cells that, through mutations, acquire proliferative characteristics and resistance to tumor suppressor genes. Tumors of Central Nervous System can be primary or metastatic, with emphasis on brain tumors, which correspond to more than 80% of cases of central nervous system cancers, meninges tumors and cranial nerve tumors. Although they are considered rare, as they affect 3.4 cases per 100,000 individuals, central nervous system tumors are relevant in the epidemiological context, especially in the northern region of the country, where research in this field is urgently needed. Objectives: To analyze the frequency of cases in the capitals of the northern region of Brazil in the last decade, relating the variants of gender and age. Methodology: this is a cross-sectional, descriptive epidemiological study based on data tabulated by the National Cancer Institute and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics made available by the Ministry of Health. To obtain the data, in relation to ICD-10, in category C, subgroup of neoplasms, C70 Malignant Neoplasm of the Meninges, C71 Malignant Neoplasm of the Brain, C72 Malignant Neoplasm of the Spinal Cord, Cranial Nerves and Other Parts of the Central Nervous System were selected. Results: Data analysis during the period described made it possible to verify the incidence of this type of cancer in the North Region. The study was carried out with a sample of 4,448 deaths. The most affected age group was 60 to 69 years old (19.13%) followed by 50 to 59 years old (18%). Males were more prevalent than females, accounting for 53.5% of cases. Regarding the gross rate (per 100,000 inhabitants), the highest incidence occurred in 2019 (3.04) followed by the year 2014 (2.90). Among the capitals, Belém, in the state of Pará, leads with the highest incidence in relation to the gross rate (4.75), followed by Palmas (3.76), in the state of Tocantins. Conclusion: Central nervous system cancer cases were mostly common in the fifth and sixth decade of life, demonstrating that high age is a risk factor. The higher prevalence of males may indicate genetic and social exposure factors, such as oncogenic substances and lifestyle habits. Social differences within the northern region can shed light on the predominance in the capital of Pará, demonstrating sensitivity to social and infrastructural issues that may exist.